"This book is a first introduction to some of the many aspects of the Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN). It is intended for those who must learn about ISDN, but feel intimidated by all of the technical jargon commonly found in the current literature. This book will define ISDN terms and explain concepts, allowing the reader to better understand the standards and current literature, as well as vendor's implementation and application specifications.
This book will provide broad coverage to explain what ISDN is, define relevant terms and concepts, describe pertinent standards and protocols, and discuss some of the current ISDN issues, services, trials, and products. In that way, it will serve as a first step in the reader's process of learning about the many aspects of ISDN.
It can be argued that consumers are not interested in technology, but rather in solutions to their problems. In data and telecommunications today, these issues are becoming increasingly inseparable. To truly understand all of the available communications solutions and choose the correct strategy for a given environment and application, there must also be some understanding of the underlying technology. This book will help the reader to get started on that understanding of ISDN.
Much has happened in the evolution of ISDN since this book, and the subsequent edition, were published. Not only have "narrowband" ISDN standards, products, and services evolved and matured, but applications have grown and ISDN is finally beginning to realize its promise. Of even more significance, perhaps, is the emergence of Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN) technologies and services. B-ISDN received passing mention in the first edition of this book and at least one dedicated chapter plus prominent mention in other chapters in the second edition; this treatment was pretty much consistent with what details of B-ISDN were know at the time of the writing. In this edition, B-ISDN occupies a significant portion of the book.
ISDN is an important technology and an important evolution for the telecommunications industry. It is also timely and rapidly moving. This third edition adds more up-to-date information about ISDN products and services, and offers a new focus on B-ISDN services.
(From the Preface)
Preface
Acknowledgments
How to Use This Book
Introduction
A Definition of ISDN
The Forces Driving ISDN
ISDN Integrated Access
ISDN Digital Services
What ISDN Is and Isn't
Where to From Here
Chapter 1: Telecommunications Background for ISDN
Communications Basics
Analog and Digital Signals
Amplifiers and Repeaters
Structure of the Telephone Network
The Pre-Divestiture Network
The Post-Divestiture Network
Passband and Bandwidth
The Telephone Local Loop
Multiplexing
Digital Telephony
The Move to a Digital Telephone Network
Digitizing Voice and Pulse Code Modulation
The Digital TDM Hierarchy
Digital Signals on the Local Loop
Full-Duplex Communication on the Local Loop
Types Of Switched Networks
Circuit Switching
Packet Switching
Fast Packet Technologies
Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model
OSI Layers
Packet Switching and X.25
Protocol Architectures
Chapter 2: ISDN Terms, Definitions, and Standards
ISDN Channels
The D-Channel
The B-Channel
H-Channels
Access Interfaces
Basic Rate Interface
Primary Rate Interface
Functional Devices and Reference Points
ISDN Functional Devices
ISDN Reference Points
B-ISDN Channels, Functional Devices, and Reference Points
Standards Organizations
The ITU-T
The American National Standards Institute
Bellcore
The European Telecommunications Standards Institute
Other Standards Organizations
Industry Consortia
Summary
Chapter 3: Overview of ISDN Services
Service Requirements
ISDN Services
Bearer Services and Attributes
Information Transfer Attributes
Access Attributes
General Attributes and Supplementary Services
Teleservices
Broadband Services
Sample Service Profiles
Bearer Service Categories
Bearer Service Requirements for the United States
Final Comments
Summary
Chapter 4: ISDN Protocol Architecture
Protocol Planes
Protocols, Channels, and Reference Points
Summary
Chapter 5: Physical Layer Protocols
The Basic Rate Interface
ITU-T Recommendation I.430 (S/T Reference Point)
Topology
Physical Connector and Power
Line Code and Frame Format
Initializing the BRI Link
ANSI T1.601 (U Reference Point)
Non-2B1Q U Reference Point Standards
Alternate Access Facilities
BRI Summary
Primary Rate Interface
The 1.544-Mbps (1544-kbps) interface
The 2.048-Mbps (2048-kbps) Interface
PRI Support of Nx64 and H-Channels
Summary
Chapter 6: The D-Channel Data Link Protocol
Link Access Procedures on the D-Channel
LAPD Frames
Flags and Zero-Bit Insertion
The Control Field and LAPD Frame Types
LAPD Addressing
Special Features of LAPD
Multiplexing, TEIs, and SAPIs
SAPI and TEI Definitions
TEI Management
System Parameters and Timers
Contention in the Point-to-Multipoint Configuration
LAPB and LAPD
Summary
Chapter 7: The D-Channel Layer 3 Protocol
Layer 3 User-Network Signaling
Message Format
Protocol Discriminator
Call Reference
Message Type
Other Information Elements
Basic Circuit-Mode Calls
Setting a Profile
Connecting the Call
Disconnecting the Call
Basic Packet-Mode and Frame-Mode Calls
Circuit-Mode Access to Remote Packet Handlers
B-Channel Access to the ISDN Virtual Circuit Service
D-channel Access to the ISDN Virtual Circuit Service
Frame-Mode Calls
Controlling and Invoking Supplementary Services
The Keypad Protocol
The Feature Key Management Protocol
The Functional Protocol
The Human-Network Interface in the ISDN Era
Numbering and Addressing
Telephone Numbers
PSPDN Numbering
ISDN Numbers and Addresses
Summary
Chapter 8: Packet and Frame Mode Bearer Services
X.25 Packet-Mode Services
X.31 Case A
X.31 Case B
X.25 Call Example
Frame-Mode Bearer Services
Frame-Mode Data Link Layer Protocol
FMBS Protocol Architecture
Frame Relay
Frame-Mode Call Control
Summary
Chapter 9: National ISDN
National ISDN
National ISDN Definition
The Goal of National ISDN
Initial Players
National ISDN Focus
National ISDN-1
National ISDN-2
National ISDN-3
The Future of National ISDN
Summary
Chapter 10: Signaling System No. 7
Network Signaling Systems
In-band Signaling
Out-of-Band Signaling
Common Channel Signaling
CCS Network Components
CCS Signaling Modes
ITU-T Signaling Systems No. 6 and No. 7
SS7 Protocol Overview
Message Transfer Part
MTP Level 1
MTP Level 2
MTP Level 3
Signaling Connection Control Part
User and Application Parts
ISDN User Part
Transaction Capabilities Application Part
Operations, Maintenance, and Administration Part
B-ISDN Signaling
Summary
SS7 Services
800 Services
Other Data-Based Services
Private Network Access to SS7
Custom Local Area Signaling Services
Advanced Intelligent Networks
Summary
Chapter 11: ISDN Applications
ISDN Applications Overview
North American ISDN Users' Forum
Specific ISDN Applications
Core ISDN Applications
Additional Applications
ISDN in Use Today
Summary
Chapter 12: ISDN Implementations
Interface Configurations in the United States
Primary Rate Configurations
Basic Rate Configurations
ISDN Services Offered in the U.S.
Bearer Service Offerings
Circuit-Mode Services
Sub-DS0 Rate Adaption and Inverse Multiplexing
Circuit-Mode on the B-Channel
Circuit-Mode on the H-channel
Packet-Mode Services
Packet-Mode on the D-channel (Low Speed Packet)
Packet-Mode on the B-channel (High Speed Packet)
Packet-Mode on the H-channel (Wideband Packet)
Frame Mode Services
Case A Access to Frame Relay
Case B Access to Frame Relay
Supplemental Service Offerings
Circuit-Mode Options
Packet-Mode Options
Teleservice Offerings
Voice/Video Based Teleservices
Data Based Teleservices
Provisioning Options in the U.S.
National ISDN Ordering Codes
ISDN Service Availability Database
ISDN Anywhere
ISDN Activity In The U.S.
Local Exchange Carrier Activity
Interexchange Carrier Activity
Tariffs
International Implementations of ISDN
Canada
Mexico
Brazil
Europe
Belgium
France
Germany
United Kingdom
Russia
Japan
Other International Activity
Summary
Chapter 13: ISDN Products
Local Exchange Equipment
AT&T 5ESS
Nortel (Northern Telecom) DMS-100
Other ISDN Switches
Line Termination Equipment and Extenders
On-Premises Switching and Multiplexing
PBXs
ISDN Concentrators, Gateways, and Multiplexers
Integrated Services Local Area Network/Isochronous Ethernet
ISDN Terminal Equipment
Terminal Adapters
ISDN Chip Sets
Test Equipment
Media Testing
Protocol Monitoring and Testing
Switch Simulators
Test Facilities
Applications Software
Summary
Chapter 14: Introduction to Broadband and Fast Packet Services
Why Do We Need Broadband Services?
The Need for Speed
Broadband Applications
The B-ISDN Challenge
Fast Packet Switching
Frame Relay
Cell Relay and ATM
Time-Division Multiplexing
Cell Relay
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
Final Comments
Chapter 15: Frame Relay Concepts and Protocols
Frame Relay Basics
Frame Relay Definition
Protocol Architecture
Permanent and Switched Virtual Circuits
Frame Relay Standards
LAPF Protocol Basics
Frame Relay and X.25
LAPF Frame Format
Data Link Connection Identifiers
Frame Relay Procedures
Committed Information Rate and Class of Service Parameters
Congestion in a Frame Relay Network
Explicit Congestion Notification
Implicit Congestion Notification
Consolidated Link Layer Management
PVC Management Procedures
Multicast Service
Customer Network Management
The Network-to-Network Interface
Other Extensions to Frame Relay
Summary
Chapter 16: Frame Relay Call Control Signaling
The Need For Switched Virtual Circuits
Frame Relay SVC Call Control
Q.933 Case A
Q.933 Case B
FRF SVC Implementation Agreement
Summary
Chapter 17: Frame Relay Applications, Products, and Services
Frame Relay Application Issues
Frame Relay Products
FRADs
Bridges/Routers
Switches
PC and Host Interfaces
Protocol Analyzers
Applications Software
Frame Relay Services
Service Providers
Internet Services Providers Supporting Frame Relay Access
Frame Relay Over ISDN
Summary
Chapter 18: ATM Concepts and Protocols
ATM Standards, Terms, and Concepts
ATM Standards Development
Interfaces and Functional Devices
ATM Connections
Cell Size
B-ISDN Protocol Architecture
B-ISDN Physical Layer
Physical Layer Functions
Media Options
Cell Transport on Digital Carriers
Transmission Format for SONET/SDH
The ATM Layer
Cell Header and ATM Layer Overview
Generic Flow Control
Virtual Path and Channel Identifiers
Payload Type Discrimination
Loss Priority Indication
Bit Error Detection and Cell Delineation
Traffic Management and Congestion Control
The ATM Adaptation Layer
AAL Protocol Types and Service Classes
AAL Protocol Overview
AAL Type 1
AAL Type 2
AAL Types 3 and 4
AAL Type 5
The Service Specific Connection Oriented Protocol
Delivered Bit Rates With Cell-Based Protocols
Frame-Based ATM Access Protocols
The ATM Data Exchange Interface
Frame User-to-Network Interface
Other ATM Services
Work-in-Progress
Interworking With Frame Relay
Interworking With ISDN
Concluding Remarks
Chapter 19: ATM Signaling Across the UNI
DSS 2 Protocol Overview
SAAL
DSS 2 Network Layer
DSS 2 Messages and Formats
Protocol Discriminator
Call Reference
Message Type
Message Length
Other Information Elements
Contents of Information Elements Examples
ATM Host Addressing
Signaling Channels
Call Setup Examples
Point-to-Point Call Setup and Release
Point-to-Multipoint Call Setup
Multiple Connection Call Setup and Termination
Connectionless Services
Interworking
Concluding Comment
Chapter 20: ATM Applications, Products, & Services
Applications
Business and Consumer Applications
The North Carolina Information Highway
Products
ATM Application Environments
ATM Switching Principles
Blocking
Switch Fabrics
Buffering Methods
Other Switch Characteristics
Product Examples
Switches
LAN Hubs
Routers
ATM DSUs
End-System Adapter Cards
ATM Chips
ATM Protocol Test Equipment
Services
Concluding Comments
Chapter 21: Switched Multimegabit Data Service
Overview and Background
SMDS Interfaces and Service Features
Protocol Interfaces and Network Components
Service Features
Address Screening
Source Address Validation
Performance and Quality of Service Objectives
Line Rates and Access Classes
SMDS Customer Network Management
SMDS User Access Protocols
User Information Transfer (SIP L3)
Cell-Based Access at SIP L2
DQDB-based SIP L2
ATM and SIP L2
SIP Level 1
Data Exchange Interface
Frame-Based Access to SMDS
SMDS Applications
SMDS Products
Switches
Bridges and Routers
SMDS DSUs
Adapter Cards
Chip Sets
Protocol Test Equipment
SMDS Service Offerings
SMDS Deployment Phases
Service Offerings and Cost Elements
Summary
Chapter 22: ISDN, B-ISDN, and the Internet
Accessing The Internet: Why And How?
Why Use the Internet?
Access Options
Choosing the Type of Access Connection
ISDN Access to the Internet
Frame Relay Access to the Internet
SMDS and the Internet
ATM and the Internet
ISDN, B-ISDN, and Internet Protocols
TCP/IP Overview
IP and ISDN
IP Over ISDN in Circuit-Mode
IP Over ISDN in Packet-Mode
IP and Frame Relay
IP and SMDS
IP and ATM
Network Management
Summary
Chapter 23: Digital Subscriber Line Technologies (xDSL)
Setting the Stage
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL)
Technology Overview
Applications
Products, Services, and Trials
ADSL and ISDN
Rate Adaptive Digital Subscriber Line (RADSL)
Very High Bit Rate Digital Subscriber Line (VDSL)
Technology Overview
Applications
Open Issues and Futures
High Bit Rate Digital Subscriber Line (HDSL)
Single Line, Or Symmetric, Digital Subscriber Line (SDSL)
ISDN Digital Subscriber Line (IDSL)
Other Related Technologies
Cable Modems
56-kbps Modems
Summary
Appendix A: Abbreviations and Acronyms
Appendix B: ISDN and B-ISDN Specifications
ITU-T Recommendations
I-Series (ISDN) Recommendations
Q-Series (Signalling) Recommendations Related to ISDN, B-ISDN, and SS7
X-Series (PSPDN) Recommendations Related to ISDN
ANSI T1 Standards and Technical Reports (TR)
ADSL Forum
ATM Forum Specifications
Bellcore Documents
ETSI Documents
Frame Relay Forum Implementation Agreements
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
IETF Request For Comments (RFC)
North American ISDN Users' Forum
SMDS Interest Group Implementation Agreements
Appendix C: DSS Network Layer Messages and Information Elements
Messages
Call Establishment Messages
Call Information Phase Messages
Call Clearing Messages
Miscellaneous Messages
Point-to-Multipoint Messages
Information Elements
Appendix D: ISDN Information Resources
Sources of Recommendations, Implementation Agreements, Standards, and Other Specifications
ISDN Resources On The Internet
Internet Discussion Lists and USENET Newsgroups
Internet Information Servers
Glossary of ISDN-Related Terms
References
Index
ISDN: Concepts, Facilities, and Services (4th ed.), Gary C. Kessler and Peter V. Southwick, McGraw-Hill, 1998, ISBN 0-07-034437-X. 704 pg.; approx. 175 figures and 95 tables. This book may be ordered from McGraw-Hill (1-800-2MCGRAW), your local bookstore, or directly from the first author (+1 802-879-3375 / +1 630-604-5529 fax). It can also be found at several on-line bookstores, including: