This table of file signatures (aka "magic numbers") is a continuing work-in-progress. I had found little information on this in a single place, with the exception of the table in Forensic Computing: A Practitioner's Guide by T. Sammes & B. Jenkinson (Springer, 2000); that was my inspiration to start this list in 2002. See also Wikipedia's List of file signatures. Comments, additions, and queries can be sent to Gary Kessler at gck@garykessler.net.
This list is not exhaustive although I add new files as I find them or someone contributes signatures. Interpret the table as a one-way function: the magic number generally indicates the file type whereas the file type does not always have the given magic number. If you want to know to what a particular file extension refers, check out some of these sites:
- File Extension Seeker: Metasearch engine for file extensions
- FILExt.com
- FileInfo.com
- Wotsit.org, The Programmer's File and Data Resource
- DOT.WHAT?
- File-Extensions.org
Some other useful information:
My software utility page contains a custom signature file based upon this list, for use with FTK, Scalpel, Simple Carver, Simple Carver Lite, and TrID.
The File Signatures Web site searches a database based upon file extension or file signature.
Tim Coakley's Filesig.co.uk site, with Filesig Manager and Simple Carver. Also, see Tim's SQLite Database Catalog page, "a repository of information used to identify specific SQLite databases and properties for research purposes."
Marco Pontello's TrID - File Identifier utility designed to identify file types from their binary signatures.
The National Archives' PRONOM site provides on-line information about data file formats and their supporting software products, as well as their multi-platform DROID (Digital Record Object Identification) software.
Additional details on graphics file formats can be found at The Graphics File Formats Page and the Sustainability of Digital Formats Planning for Library of Congress Collections site.
Additional details on audio and video file formats can be found at the Sustainability of Digital Formats Planning for Library of Congress Collections site.
If you are using a Linux/MacOS/Unix system, you can use the file command to determine the file type based upon the file signature, per the system's magic file.
And, one last and final item — if you are searching for network traffic in raw binary files (e.g., RAM or unallocated space), see Hints About Looking for Network Packet Fragments.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS & COPYRIGHT NOTICE
Hex Signature ASCII Signature File Extension File Description TGA Truevision Targa Graphic file
Trailer:
54 52 55 45 56 49 53 49 TRUEVISI
4F 4E 2D 58 46 49 4C 45 ON-XFILE
2E 00 ..00 . PIC IBM Storyboard bitmap file MOV Apple QuickTime movie file PIF Windows Program Information File SEA Mac Stuffit Self-Extracting Archive YTR IRIS OCR data file 00 00 00 ... AVIF Alliance for Open Media (AOMedia) Video 1 (AV1) Image File HEIC High Efficiency Image Container (HEIC), holding one or more High Efficiency Image File (HEIF)
— aka H.265 — images, created using the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) algorithm.
Developed by the Moving Pictures Experts Group (MPEG) and adopted by Apple as the standard image
file format in 2017.00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00........
........XXX Compucon/Singer embroidery design file [11 byte offset]
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00[11 byte offset]
........
........
........PDB Palmpilot Database/Document File [512 (0x200) byte offset]
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00[512 (0x200) byte offset]
........RVT Revit Project File subheader 00 00 00 00 14 00 00 00 ........ TBI Windows Disk Image file [8 byte offset]
00 00 00 00 62 31 05 00
09 00 00 00 00 20 00 00
00 09 00 00 00 00 00 00[8 byte offset]
....b1..
..... ..
........DAT Bitcoin Core wallet.dat file 00 00 00 0C 6A 50 20 20
0D 0A....jP
..JP2 Various JPEG-2000 image file formats 00 00 01 00 .... ICO Windows icon file SPL Windows NT/2000/XP printer spool file 00 00 01 Bx .... MPEG, MPG MPEG video file
Trailer:
00 00 01 B7 (...·)00 00 01 BA ....º MPG, VOB DVD Video Movie File (video/dvd, video/mpeg) or DVD MPEG2
Trailer:
00 00 01 B9 (...¹)00 00 02 00 ...... CUR Windows cursor file WB2 QuattroPro for Windows Spreadsheet file 00 00 02 00 06 04 06 00
08 00 00 00 00 00........
......WK1 Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet (v1) file 00 00 03 F3 ...ó n/a Amiga Hunk executable file 00 00 1A 00 00 10 04 00
00 00 00 00........
....WK3 Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet (v3) file 00 00 1A 00 02 10 04 00
00 00 00 00........
....WK4, WK5 Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet (v4, v5) file 00 00 1A 00 05 10 04 ....... 123 Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet (v9) file 00 00 49 49 58 50 52 or ..IIXPR 00 00 4D 4D 58 50 52 ..MMXPR QXD Quark Express document (Intel & Motorola, respectively)
NOTE: It appears that the byte following the 0x52 ("R") is
the language indicator; 0x33 ("3") seems to indicate English
and 0x61 ("a") reportedly indicates Korean.00 00 FE FF ..þÿ n/a Byte-order mark for 32-bit Unicode Transformation Format/
4-octet Universal Character Set (UTF-32/UCS-4), big-endian files.
(See the Unicode Home Page.)[6 byte offset]
00 00 FF FF FF FF[6 byte offset]
..ÿÿÿÿHLP Windows Help file 00 01 00 00 00 ..... TTF TrueType font file 00 01 00 00 4D 53 49 53
41 4D 20 44 61 74 61 62
61 73 65....MSIS
AM Datab
aseMNY Microsoft Money file 00 01 00 00 53 74 61 6E
64 61 72 64 20 41 43 45
20 44 42....Stan
dard ACE
DBACCDB Microsoft Access 2007 file 00 01 00 00 53 74 61 6E
64 61 72 64 20 4A 65 74
20 44 42....Stan
dard Jet
DBMDB Microsoft Access file 00 01 00 08 00 01 00 01
01........
.IMG Ventura Publisher/GEM VDI Image Format Bitmap file 00 01 01 ... FLT OpenFlight 3D file 00 01 42 41 ..BA ABA Palm Address Book Archive file 00 01 42 44 ..BD DBA Palm DateBook Archive file 00 06 15 61 00 00 00 02
00 00 04 D2 00 00 10 00...a....
...Ò....DB Netscape Navigator (v4) database file 00 0D BB A0 ..» n/a Mbox table of contents file. (NOTE: The next four bytes
appear to be the number of e-mails in the associated mbox file.)00 11 AF ..¯ FLI FLIC Animation file 00 14 00 00 01 02 xx xx
03........
.n/a BIOS details in RAM images 00 1E 84 90 00 00 00 00 ..„..... SNM Netscape Communicator (v4) mail folder 00 20 AF 30 . ¯0 TPL Wii images container 00 5C 41 B1 FF .\A±ÿ ENC Mujahideen Secrets 2 encrypted file [512 (0x200) byte offset]
00 6E 1E F0[512 (0x200) byte offset]
.n.ðPPT PowerPoint presentation subheader (MS Office) 00 BF .¿ SOL Adobe Flash shared object file (e.g., Flash cookies) 00 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
FF FF FF 00 00 02 00 01.ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ
ÿÿÿ.....MDF Alcohol 120% CD image 01 00 00 00 .... EMF Extended (Enhanced) Windows Metafile Format, printer spool file
(0x18-17 & 0xC4-36 is Win2K/NT; 0x5C0-1 is WinXP)01 00 00 00 01 ..... PIC Unknown type picture file 01 00 09 00 00 03 ...... WMF Windows Metadata file (Win 3.x format) 01 00 02 00 .... ARF Webex Advanced Recording Format files. 01 00 39 30 ..90 FDB, GDB Firebird and Interbase database files, respectively. See
IBPhoenix for more information.01 01 47 19 A4 00 00 00
00 00 00 00..G.#xA4...
....TBI The Bat! secure e-mail Message Base Index file 01 0F 00 00 .... MDF Microsoft SQL Server 2000 database 01 10 .. TR1 Novell LANalyzer capture file 01 DA 01 01 00 03 .Ú.... RGB Silicon Graphics RGB Bitmap 01 FF 02 04 03 02 .ÿ.... DRW Micrografx vector graphic file 02 64 73 73 .dss DSS Digital Speech Standard (Olympus, Grundig, & Phillips) 03 . DAT MapInfo Native Data Format DB3 dBASE III file 03 00 00 00 .... QPH Quicken price history file 03 00 00 00 41 50 50 52 ....APPR ADX Approach index file 04 . DB4 dBASE IV data file 04 00 00 00 xx xx xx xx
xx xx xx xx 20 03 00 00 or........
.... ...05 00 00 00 xx xx xx xx
xx xx xx xx 20 03 00 00........
.... ...n/a INFO2 Windows recycle bin file. NOTE: Bytes 12-13
indicate the size of each INFO2 record; the most common
value is 0x20-03 (0x0320 = 800 bytes).06 06 ED F5 D8 1D 46 E5
BD 31 EF E7 FE 74 B7 1D..íõØ.Få
½1ïçþt·.INDD Adobe InDesign document 06 0E 2B 34 02 05 01 01
0D 01 02 01 01 02..+4....
......MXF Material Exchange Format file 07 . DRW A common signature and file extension for many drawing
programs.07 53 4B 46 .SKF SKF SkinCrafter skin file 07 64 74 32 64 64 74 64 .dt2ddtd DTD DesignTools 2D Design file 08 . DB dBASE IV or dBFast configuration file 08 00 45 ..E n/a Possibly, maybe, might be a fragment of an Ethernet frame carrying
an IPv4 packet. See Hints About Looking for Network Packet Fragments.[512 (0x200) byte offset]
09 08 10 00 00 06 05 00[512 (0x200) byte offset]
........XLS Excel spreadsheet subheader (MS Office) 0A nn 01 ... PCX ZSOFT Paintbrush file
(where Version (nn) = 0x00, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, or 0x05)0A 16 6F 72 67 2E 62 69
74 63 6F 69 6E 2E 70 72..org.bi
tcoin.prWALLET MultiBit Bitcoin wallet file 0C ED .í MP Monochrome Picture TIFF bitmap file (unconfirmed) 0D 44 4F 43 .DOC DOC DeskMate Document file 0E 4E 65 72 6F 49 53 4F .NeroISO NRI Nero CD Compilation 0E 57 4B 53 .WKS WKS DeskMate Worksheet [512 (0x200) byte offset]
0F 00 E8 03[512 (0x200) byte offset]
..è.PPT PowerPoint presentation subheader (MS Office) 0F 53 49 42 45 4C 49 55
53.SIBELIU
SSIB Sibelius Music - Score file 10 00 00 00 .... CL5 Easy CD Creator 5 Layout file 1A 00 00 ... NTF Lotus Notes database template 1A 00 00 04 00 00 ...... NSF Lotus Notes database 1A 0x .. ARC LH archive file, old version
(where x = 0x2, 0x3, 0x4, 0x8 or 0x9
for types 1-5, respectively)1A 0B .. PAK Compressed archive file
(often associated with Quake Engine games)1A 35 01 00 .5.. ETH GN Nettest WinPharoah capture file 1A 45 DF A3 .Eߣ MKV Matroska stream file WEBM WebM video file 1A 52 54 53 20 43 4F 4D
50 52 45 53 53 45 44 20
49 4D 41 47 45 20 56 31
2E 30 1A.RTS COM
PRESSED
IMAGE V1
.0.DAT Runtime Software compressed disk image 1D 7D .} WS WordStar Version 5.0/6.0 document 1F 8B 08 .‹. GZ, TGZ GZIP archive file VLT VLC Player Skin file 1F 9D .. TAR.Z Compressed tape archive file using standard (Lempel-Ziv-Welch) compression 1F A0 . TAR.Z Compressed tape archive file using LZH (Lempel-Ziv-Huffman) compression 21 ! BSB MapInfo Sea Chart 21 12 !. AIN AIN Compressed Archive 21 3C 61 72 63 68 3E 0A !<arch>. LIB Unix archiver (ar) files and Microsoft Program Library
Common Object File Format (COFF)21 42 44 4E !BDN Microsoft Outlook Personal Folder Files (PFF): OST Microsoft Outlook Offline Storage Folder File PAB Microsoft Outlook Personal Address Book File PST Microsoft Outlook Personal Folder File 23 20 # MSI Cerius2 file 23 20 44 69 73 6B 20 44
65 73 63 72 69 70 74 6F# Disk D
escriptoVMDK VMware 4 Virtual Disk description file (split disk) 23 20 4D 69 63 72 6F 73
6F 66 74 20 44 65 76 65
6C 6F 70 65 72 20 53 74
75 64 69 6F# Micros
oft Deve
loper St
udioDSP Microsoft Developer Studio project file 23 21 41 4D 52 #!AMR AMR Adaptive Multi-Rate ACELP (Algebraic Code Excited Linear Prediction)
Codec, commonly audio format with GSM cell phones. (See RFC 4867.)23 21 53 49 4C 4B 0A #!SILK. SIL Audio compression format developed by Skype; also used by other applications. 23 3F 52 41 44 49 41 4E
43 45 0A#?RADIAN
CE.HDR Radiance High Dynamic Range image file 23 40 7E 5E #@~^ VBE VBScript Encoded script 23 50 45 43 30 30 30 31
4C 41 3A#PEC0001
LA:PEC Brother/Babylock/Bernina Home Embroidery file 23 50 45 53 30 #PES0 PES Brother/Babylock/Bernina Home Embroidery file 24 46 4C 32 40 28 23 29
20 53 50 53 53 20 44 41
54 41 20 46 49 4C 45$FL2@(#)
SPSS DA
TA FILESAV SPSS Statistics (née Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, then
Statistical Product and Service Solutions) data file25 21 50 53 2D 41 64 6F
62 65 2D 33 2E 30 20 45
50 53 46 2D 33 20 30%!PS-Ado
be-3.0 E
PSF-3.0EPS Adobe encapsulated PostScript file
(If this signature is not at the immediate
beginning of the file, it will occur early
in the file, commonly at byte offset 30 [0x1E])25 50 44 46 PDF, FDF, AI Adobe Portable Document Format, Forms Document Format, and Illustrator graphics files
Trailers:
0A 25 25 45 4F 46 (.%%EOF)
0A 25 25 45 4F 46 0A (.%%EOF.)
0D 0A 25 25 45 4F 46 0D 0A (..%%EOF..)
0D 25 25 45 4F 46 0D (.%%EOF.)
NOTE: There may be multiple end-of-file marks within the
file. When carving, be sure to get the last one.25 62 69 74 6D 61 70 %bitmap FBM Fuzzy bitmap (FBM) file 28 54 68 69 73 20 66 69
6C 65 20 6D 75 73 74 20
62 65 20 63 6F 6E 76 65
72 74 65 64 20 77 69 74
68 20 42 69 6E 48 65 78
20(This fi
le must
be conve
rted wit
h BinHex
HQX Macintosh BinHex 4 Compressed Archive 2A 2A 2A 20 20 49 6E 73
74 61 6C 6C 61 74 69 6F
6E 20 53 74 61 72 74 65
64 20*** Ins
tallatio
n Starte
dLOG Symantec Wise Installer log file [2 byte offset]
2D 6C 68[2 byte offset]
-lhLHA, LZH Compressed archive file 2E 52 45 43 .REC IVR RealPlayer video file (V11 and later) 2E 52 4D 46 .RMF RM, RMVB RealMedia streaming media file 2E 52 4D 46 00 00 00 12
00.RMF....
.RA RealAudio file 2E 72 61 FD 00 .raý. RA RealAudio streaming media file 2E 73 6E 64 .snd AU NeXT/Sun Microsystems µ-Law audio file 2F 2F 20 3C 21 2D 2D 20
3C 6D 64 62 3A 6D 6F 72
6B 3A 7A// <!--
<mdb:mor
k:zMSF Thunderbird|Mozilla Mail Summary File 30 0 CAT Microsoft security catalog file 30 00 00 00 4C 66 4C 65 0...LfLe EVT Windows Event Viewer file 30 20 48 45 41 44 0 HEAD GED GEnealogical Data COMmunication (GEDCOM) file 30 26 B2 75 8E 66 CF 11
A6 D9 00 AA 00 62 CE 6C0&²u.fÏ.
¦Ù.ª.bÎlASF, WMA, WMV Microsoft Windows Media Audio/Video File
(Advanced Systems Format)30 31 4F 52 44 4E 41 4E
43 45 20 53 55 52 56 45
59 20 20 20 20 20 20 2001ORDNAN
CE SURVE
YNTF National Transfer Format Map File 30 37 30 37 30 nn 07070. n/a Archive created with the cpio utility (where nn
values 0x37 ("7"), 0x31 ("1"), and 0x32 ("2") refer to the
standard ASCII format, new ASCII (aka SVR4) format, and CRC
format, respectively. (The swpackage(8) page has additional
information.) (Thanks to F. Webber for this....)31 BE or 1¾ 32 BE 2¾ WRI Microsoft Write file 32 03 10 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 80 00 00 00 FF 002.......
......ÿ.PCS Pfaff Home Embroidery file 34 CD B2 A1 4Ͳ¡ n/a Extended tcpdump (libpcap) capture file (Linux/Unix) 37 7A BC AF 27 1C 7z¼¯'. 7Z 7-Zip compressed file 37 E4 53 96 C9 DB D6 07 7äS–ÛÖ. n/a zisofs compression format, recognized by some Linux kernels. See the
libburnia page for additional information.38 42 50 53 8BPS PSD Photoshop image file 3A 56 45 52 53 49 4F 4E :VERSION SLE Surfplan kite project file 3C < ASX Advanced Stream redirector file XDR BizTalk XML-Data Reduced Schema file WSF Windows Script Component 3C 21 64 6F 63 74 79 70 <!doctyp DCI AOL HTML mail file 3C 3F <? WSC Windows Script Component 3C 3F 78 6D 6C 20 76 65
72 73 69 6F 6E 3D<?xml ve
rsion=MANIFEST Windows Visual Stylesheet XML file 3C 3F 78 6D 6C 20 76 65
72 73 69 6F 6E 3D 22 31
2E 30 22 3F 3E<?xml ve
rsion="1
.0"?>XUL XML User Interface Language file 3C 3F 78 6D 6C 20 76 65
72 73 69 6F 6E 3D 22 31
2E 30 22 3F 3E 0D 0A 3C
4D 4D 43 5F 43 6F 6E 73
6F 6C 65 46 69 6C 65 20
43 6F 6E 73 6F 6C 65 56
65 72 73 69 6F 6E 3D 22<?xml ve
rsion="1
.0"?>..<
MMC_Cons
oleFile
ConsoleV
ersion="MSC Microsoft Management Console Snap-in Control file 3C 43 54 72 61 6E 73 54
69 6D 65 6C 69 6E 65 3E<CTransT
imeline>MXF Picasa movie project file 3C 43 73 6F 75 6E 64 53
79 6E 74 68 65 73 69 7A<CsoundS
ynthesizCSD Csound music file 3C 4D 61 6B 65 72 46 69
6C 65 20<MakerFi
leFM, MIF Adobe FrameMaker file 3C 67 70 78 20 76 65 72
73 69 6F 6E 3D 22 31 2E
31<gpx ver
sion="1.
1GPX GPS eXchange file (v1.1 schema) 3C 7E 36 3C 5C 25 5F 30
67 53 71 68 3B<~6<\%_0
gSqh;B85 ASCII85 (aka BASE85) encoded file, sometimes used with PostScript and PDF.
Trailer: 7E 3E 0A (~>.)[24 (0x18) byte offset]
3E 00 03 00 FE FF 09 00
06[24 (0x18) byte offset]
>...þÿ..
.WB3 Quatro Pro for Windows 7.0 Notebook file 3F 5F 03 00 ?_.. GID Windows Help index file HLP Windows Help file [32 (0x20) byte offset]
40 40 40 20 00 00 40 40
40 40[32 (0x20) byte offset]
@@@ ..@@
@@ENL EndNote Library File 41 42 6F 78 ABox ABox2 Analog Box circuit files 41 43 AC DWG Generic AutoCAD drawing file
two bytes in the file. The next three or four bytes give further indication about the version
(see also DWG file specifications released by OpenDesign):
- 0x31-2E-32 (1.2) — AutoCAD v1.2 (Release 2)
- 0x31-2E-33 (1.3) — AutoCAD v1.3 (Release 3)
- 0x31-2E-34-30 (1.40) — AutoCAD v1.40 (Release 4)
- 0x31-2E-35-30 (1.50) — AutoCAD v2.05 (Release 5)
- 0x32-2E-31-30 (2.10) — AutoCAD v2.10 (Release 6)
- 0x31-30-30-32 (1002) — AutoCAD v2.5 (Release 7)
- 0x31-30-30-33 (1003) — AutoCAD v2.6 (Release 8)
- 0x31-30-30-34 (1004) — AutoCAD v9.0 (Release 9)
- 0x31-30-30-36 (1006) — AutoCAD v10.0 (Release 10)
- 0x31-30-30-39 (1009) — AutoCAD v11.0 (Release 11)/v12.0 (Release 12)
- 0x31-30-31-32 (1012) — AutoCAD v13.0 (Release 13)
- 0x31-30-31-34 (1014) — AutoCAD v14.0 (Release 14)
- 0x31-30-31-35 (1015) — AutoCAD 2000 (v15.0)/2000i (v15.1)/2002 (v15.2) -- (Releases 15-17)
- 0x31-30-31-38 (1018) — AutoCAD 2004 (v16.0)/2005 (v16.1)/2006 (v16.2) -- (Releases 18-20)
- 0x31-30-32-31 (1021) — AutoCAD 2007 (v17.0)/2008 (v17.1)/2009 (v17.2) -- (Releases 21-23)
- 0x31-30-32-34 (1024) — AutoCAD 2010 (v18.0)/2011 (v18.1)/2012 (v18.2) -- (Releases 24-26)
- 0x31-30-32-37 (1027) — AutoCAD 2013 (v19.0)/2014 (v19.1)/2015 (v20.0)/2016 (v20.1)/2017 (v20.2) -- (Releases 27-31)
- 0x31-30-33-32 (1032) — AutoCAD 2018 (v22.0) (Release 32)
41 43 76 ACL SLE Steganos Security Suite virtual secure drive 41 43 53 44 ACSD n/a Miscellaneous AOL parameter and information files 41 45 53 AES AES AES Crypt file format. (The fourth byte is the version number.) 41 4D 59 4F AMYO SYW Harvard Graphics symbol graphic 41 4F 4C 20 46 65 65 64
62 61 67AOL Feed
bagBAG AOL and AIM buddy list file 41 4F 4C 44 42 AOLDB ABY, IDX AOL database files: address book (ABY) and user configuration
data (MAIN.IDX)41 4F 4C 49 44 58 AOLIDX IND AOL client preferences/settings file (MAIN.IND) 41 4F 4C 49 4E 44 45 58 AOLINDEX ABI AOL address book index file 41 4F 4C 56 4D 31 30 30 AOLVM100 ORG, PFC AOL personal file cabinet (PFC) file
NOTE: See PFC-Details.zip for PFC file format information.41 56 47 36 5F 49 6E 74
65 67 72 69 74 79 5F 44
61 74 61 62 61 73 65AVG6_Int
egrity_D
atabaseDAT AVG6 Integrity database file 41 72 43 01 ArC. ARC FreeArc compressed file 42 41 41 44 BAAD n/a NTFS Master File Table (MFT) entry (1,024 bytes) 42 45 47 49 4E 3A 56 43
41 52 44 0D 0ABEGIN:VC
ARD..VCF vCard file 42 4C 49 32 32 33 BLI223 BLI, RBI Thomson Speedtouch series WLAN router firmware
Reportedly, the 7th & 8th bytes vary by version, and the 9th byte is always 0x30.
- v6.0.7.1 (.bli) — 0x42-4C-49-32-32-33-51-4B-30 (BLI223QK0)
- v7.4.1.7 (.bli) — 0x42-4C-49-32-32-33-51-48-30 (BLI223QH0)
- v8.2.2.5 (.bli) — 0x42-4C-49-32-32-33-55-46-30 (BLI223UF0)
- v8.4.3 (.bli/.rbi) — 0x42-4C-49-32-32-33-57-31-30 (BLI223W10)
42 4D BM BMP, DIB Windows (or device-independent) bitmap image
NOTE: Bytes 2-5 contain the file length in little-endian order.42 4F 4F 4B 4D 4F 42 49 BOOKMOBI PRC Palmpilot resource file 42 50 47 FB BPG#xFB; BPG Better Portable Graphics image format 42 5A 68 BZh BZ2, TAR.BZ2, TBZ2, TB2 bzip2 compressed archive DMG Mac Disk image (BZ2 compressed) 42 65 67 69 6E 20 50 75
66 66 65 72 20 44 61 74
61 0D 0ABegin Pu
ffer Dat
a..APUF Puffer ASCII-armored encrypted archive 42 6C 69 6E 6B 20 62 79
20 44 2E 54 2E 53Blink by
D.T.SBLI BLINK compressed archive 43 23 2B 44 A4 43 4D A5
48 64 72C#+D¤CM¥
HdrRTD RagTime document file 43 41 54 20 CAT IFF Electronic Arts' Interchange Format Files (IFF) format. 43 42 46 49 4C 45 CBFILE CBD WordPerfect dictionary file (unconfirmed) 43 44 30 30 31 CD001 ISO ISO-9660 CD Disc Image
This signature usually occurs at byte offset 32769 (0x8001),
34817 (0x8801), or 36865 (0x9001).
More information can be found at MacTech or at ECMA.43 49 53 4F CISO CSO Compressed ISO (CISO) CD image 43 4D 4D 4D 15 00 00 00 CMMM.... DB Windows 7 thumbcache_sr.db or other thumbcache file
(except thumbcache_idx.db)43 4D 58 31 CMX1 CLB Corel Binary metafile 43 4F 4D 2B COM+ CLB COM+ Catalog file 43 4F 57 44 COWD VMDK VMware 3 Virtual Disk (portion of a split disk) file 43 50 54 37 46 49 4C 45 CPT7FILE CPT Corel Photopaint file 43 50 54 46 49 4C 45 CPTFILE CPT Corel Photopaint file 43 52 45 47 CREG DAT Windows 9x registry hive 43 52 55 53 48 20 76 CRUSH v CRU Crush compressed archive 43 57 53 CWS SWF Macromedia Shockwave Flash player file (zlib compressed, SWF 6 and later).
See SWF File Format Specification.43 61 6C 63 75 6C 75 78
20 49 6E 64 6F 6F 72 20Calculux
IndoorCIN Calculux Indoor lighting design software project file 43 61 74 61 6C 6F 67 20
33 2E 30 30 00Catalog
3.00.CTF WhereIsIt Catalog file 43 6C 69 65 6E 74 20 55
72 6C 43 61 63 68 65 20
4D 4D 46 20 56 65 72 20Client U
rlCache
MMF VerDAT Microsoft Internet Explorer cache file (index.dat) file 43 72 32 34 Cr24 CRX Google Chrome Extension 43 72 4F 44 CrOD CRX Google Chromium patch update 43 72 65 61 74 69 76 65
20 56 6F 69 63 65 20 46Creative
Voice FVOC Creative Voice audio file 44 41 41 00 00 00 00 00 DAA..... DAA PowerISO Direct-Access-Archive image 44 41 58 00 DAX. DAX DAX Compressed CD image 44 42 46 48 DBFH DB Palm Zire photo database 44 4D 53 21 DMS! DMS Amiga DiskMasher compressed archive 44 4F 53 DOS ADF Amiga disk file 44 53 44 20 DSD DSF DSD Storage Facility audio file 44 53 54 62 DSTb DST DST compressed file 44 56 44 DVD DVR DVR-Studio stream file IFO DVD info file 45 4C 49 54 45 20 43 6F
6D 6D 61 6E 64 65 72 20ELITE Co
mmanderCDR Elite Plus Commander saved game file 45 4E 54 52 59 56 43 44
02 00 00 01 02 00 18 58ENTRYVCD
.......XVCD VideoVCD (GNU VCDImager) file 45 52 02 00 00 CD... ISO Apple ISO 9660/HFS hybrid CD image 45 52 46 53 53 41 56 45
44 41 54 41 46 49 4C 45ERFSSAVE
DATAFILEDAT Kroll EasyRecovery Saved Recovery State file 45 50 EP MDI Microsoft Document Imaging file 45 56 46 09 0D 0A FF 00 EVF...ÿ. Enn (where nn are numbers) Expert Witness Compression Format (EWF) file, including EWF-E01
and EWF-S01, as used in EnCase and SMART evidence files. Byte
offset 9 (i.e., byte #10) contains the segment number, starting with 0x01.
See the EWF specification.45 56 46 32 0D 0A 81 EVF2... Exnn (where nn are numbers) EnCase® Evidence File Format Version 2 (Ex01).
See the EVFv2 specification.45 6C 66 46 69 6C 65 00 ElfFile. EVTX Windows Vista event log file 45 86 00 00 06 00 E†.... QBB Intuit QuickBooks backup file 46 41 58 43 4F 56 45 52
2D 56 45 52FAXCOVER
-VERCPE Microsoft Fax Cover Sheet 46 44 42 48 00 FDBH. FDB Fiasco database definition file 46 45 44 46 FEDF SBV (Unknown file type) 46 49 4C 45 FILE n/a NTFS Master File Table (MFT) entry (1,024 bytes) 46 4C 56 01 FLV. FLV Flash video file 46 4F 52 4D FORM ANM IFF ANIM (Amiga delta/RLE encoded bitmap animation) file IFF Electronic Arts' Interchange Format Files (IFF) format. 46 4F 52 4D 00 FORM. AIFF Audio Interchange File DAX DAKX Compressed Audio 46 57 53 FWS SWF Macromedia Shockwave Flash player file (uncompressed). See
SWF File Format Specification.46 72 6F 6D 20 20 20 or From 46 72 6F 6D 20 3F 3F 3F or From ??? 46 72 6F 6D 3A 20 From: EML A commmon file extension for e-mail files. Signatures shown here
are for Netscape, Eudora, and a generic signature, respectively.
EML is also used by Outlook Express and QuickMail.47 G TS, TSA, TSV MPEG transport stream file. (This is not a lot to go on, but MPEG-2 Part 1
Transport (MP2T) files are reportedly broken into 188-byte packets and the
0x47 byte is the sync byte, so should repeat every 188 bytes in the file.)47 46 31 50 41 54 43 48 GF1PATCH PAT Advanced Gravis Ultrasound patch file 47 49 46 38 37 61 or GIF87a 47 49 46 38 39 61 GIF89a GIF Graphics interchange format file
Trailer: 00 3B (.;)47 50 41 54 GPAT PAT GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program) pattern file 47 52 49 42 GRIB GRB GRIdded Binary or General Regularly-distributed Information in Binary file, commonly used in
meteorology to store historical and forecast weather data47 58 32 GX2 GX2 Show Partner graphics file (not confirmed) 47 65 6E 65 74 65 63 20
4F 6D 6E 69 63 61 73 74Genetec
OmnicastG64 Genetec video archive 48 44 52 2A 50 6F 77 65
72 42 75 69 6C 64 65 72HDR*Powe
rBuilderPBD SAP PowerBuilder integrated development environment file 48 45 41 44 45 52 20 52
45 43 4F 52 44 2A 2A 2AHEADER R
ECORD***XPT SAS Transport dataset file format 48 48 47 42 31 HHGB1 SH3 Harvard Graphics presentation file 49 20 49 I I TIF, TIFF Tagged Image File Format file 49 44 33 ID3 MP3 MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 (MP3) audio file 49 44 33 03 00 00 00 ID3.... KOZ Sprint Music Store audio file (for mobile devices) 49 49 1A 00 00 00 48 45
41 50 43 43 44 52 02 00II....HE
APCCDR..CRW Canon digital camera RAW file 49 49 2A 00 II*. TIF, TIFF Tagged Image File Format file (little
endian, i.e., LSB first in the byte; Intel)49 49 2A 00 10 00 00 00
43 52II*.....
CRCR2 Canon digital camera RAW file 49 4D 4D 4D 15 00 00 00 IMMM.... DB Windows 7 thumbcache_idx.db file 49 53 63 28 ISc( CAB, HDR Install Shield v5.x or 6.x compressed file 49 54 4F 4C 49 54 4C 53 ITOLITLS LIT Microsoft Reader eBook file 49 54 53 46 ITSF CHI, CHM Microsoft Compiled HTML Help File 49 6E 6E 6F 20 53 65 74
75 70 20 55 6E 69 6E 73
74 61 6C 6C 20 4C 6F 67
20 28 62 29Inno Set
up Unins
tall Log
(b)DAT Inno Setup Uninstall Log file 49 6E 74 65 72 40 63 74
69 76 65 20 50 61 67 65Inter@ct
ive PageIPD Inter@ctive Pager Backup (BlackBerry) backup file
(See also this IPD File Format paper)4A 41 52 43 53 00 JARCS. JAR JARCS compressed archive 4A 47 03 0E or JG.. 4A 47 04 0E JG.. ART AOL ART file
Trailers:
For 0x4A-47-03-0E: D0 CB 00 00 (ÐË..)
For 0x4A-47-04-0E: CF C7 CB (ÏÇË)4B 44 4D KDM VMDK VMware 4 Virtual Disk (portion of a split disk) file 4B 44 4D 56 KDMV VMDK VMware 4 Virtual Disk (monolitic disk) file 4B 47 42 5F 61 72 63 68
20 2DKGB_arch
-KGB KGB archive 4B 49 00 00 KI.. SHD Windows 9x printer spool file 4B 57 41 4A 88 F0 27 D1 KWAJˆð'Ñ n/a KWAJ file format used by DOS COMPRESS.EXE and EXPAND.EXE commands.
This command compresses a single file, replacing the last character in the file name
with an underscore or dollar sign, e.g., FOO.BAZ would be renamed FOO.BA_ or
FOO.BA$. (See the SZDD/KWAJ page for more information.)4C 00 00 00 01 14 02 00 L....... LNK Windows shell link (shortcut) file. See also The Meaning of Linkfiles in Forensic Examinations
and Evidentiary Value of Link Files.4C 01 L. OBJ Microsoft Common Object File Format (COFF) relocatable
object code file for an Intel 386 or later/compatible processors4C 41 3A LA: DST Tajima embroidery sticj image file 4C 49 53 54 LIST IFF Electronic Arts' Interchange Format Files (IFF) format. 4C 4E 02 00 LN.. GID Windows Help index file HLP Windows Help file 4C 50 46 20 00 01 LPF .. ANM DeluxePaint Animation file 4C 56 46 09 0D 0A FF 00 LVF...ÿ. Enn (where nn are numbers) Logical File Evidence Format (EWF-L01) as used in later versions of
EnCase evidence files. See the EWF specification.4D 2D 57 20 50 6F 63 6B
65 74 20 44 69 63 74 69M-W Pock
et DictiPDB Merriam-Webster Pocket Dictionary file 4D 41 52 31 00 MAR1. MAR Mozilla archive 4D 41 52 43 MARC MAR Microsoft/MSN MARC archive 4D 41 54 4C 41 42 20 35
2E 30 20 4D 41 54 2D 66
69 6C 65MATLAB 5
.0 MAT-f
ileMAT MATLAB v5 workspace file (includes creation timestamp) 4D 41 72 30 00 MAr0. MAR MAr compressed archive 4D 43 57 20 54 65 63 68
6E 6F 67 6F 6C 69 65 73MCW Tech
nogoliesMTE TargetExpress target file 4D 44 4D 50 93 A7 MDMPҤ HDMP Windows heap dump file DMP Windows minidump file 4D 49 4C 45 53 MILES MLS Milestones v1.0 project management and scheduling software
(Also see "MV2C" and "MV214" signatures)4D 4C 53 57 MLSW MLS Skype localization data file 4D 4D 00 2A MM.* TIF, TIFF Tagged Image File Format file (big
endian, i.e., LSB last in the byte; Motorola)4D 4D 00 2B MM.+ TIF, TIFF BigTIFF files; Tagged Image File Format files >4 GB 4D 4D 4D 44 00 00 MMMD.. MMF Yamaha Corp. Synthetic music Mobile Application Format (SMAF)
for multimedia files that can be played on hand-held devices.4D 52 56 4E MRVN NVRAM VMware BIOS (non-volatile RAM) state file 4D 53 43 46 MSCF CAB Microsoft cabinet file ONEPKG OneNote Package file PPZ Powerpoint Packaged Presentation SNP Microsoft Access Snapshot Viewer file 4D 53 46 54 02 00 01 00 MSFT.... TLB OLE, SPSS, or Visual C++ type library file 4D 53 48 7C 5E 7E 5C 26
7CMSH|^~\&
|HL7 Health Level-7 data (pipe delimited) file 4D 53 57 49 4D MSWIM WIM Microsoft Windows Imaging Format file 4D 53 5F 56 4F 49 43 45 MS_VOICE CDR, DVF Sony Compressed Voice File MSV Sony Memory Stick Compressed Voice file 4D 54 68 64 MThd MID, MIDI Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) sound file PCS Yamaha Piano sound file 4D 56 MV DSN CD Stomper Pro label file 4D 56 32 31 34 MV214 MLS Milestones v2.1b project management and scheduling software
(Also see "MILES" and "MV2C" signatures)4D 56 32 43 MV2C MLS Milestones v2.1a project management and scheduling software
(Also see "MILES" and "MV214" signatures)4D 5A MZ COM, DLL, DRV, EXE, PIF, QTS, QTX, SYS Windows/DOS executable file
(See The MZ EXE File Format page for the structure of an EXE file,
with coverage of NE, TLINK, PE, self-extracting archives, and more.)
Note: MZ are the initals of Mark Zbikowski, designer of the DOS executable file format.ACM MS audio compression manager driver AX Library cache file CPL Control panel application FON Font file OCX ActiveX or OLE Custom Control OLB OLE object library SCR Screen saver VBX VisualBASIC application VXD, 386 Windows virtual device drivers 4D 5A 90 00 03 00 00 00 MZ...... API Acrobat plug-in AX DirectShow filter FLT Audition graphic filter file (Adobe) 4D 5A 90 00 03 00 00 00
04 00 00 00 FF FFMZ......
....ÿÿZAP ZoneAlam data file 4D 69 63 72 6F 73 6F 66
74 20 43 2F 43 2B 2B 20Microsof
t C/C++PDB Microsoft C++ debugging symbols file 4D 69 63 72 6F 73 6F 66
74 20 56 69 73 75 61 6C
20 53 74 75 64 69 6F 20
53 6F 6C 75 74 69 6F 6E
20 46 69 6C 65Microsof
t Visual
Studio
Solution
FileSLN Visual Studio .NET Solution file [84 (0x54) byte offset]
4D 69 63 72 6F 73 6F 66
74 20 57 69 6E 64 6F 77
73 20 4D 65 64 69 61 20
50 6C 61 79 65 72 20 2D
2D 20[84 (0x54) byte offset]
Microsof
t Window
s Media
Player -
-WPL Windows Media Player playlist 4D 73 52 63 66 MsRcf GDB VMapSource GPS Waypoint Database 4E 41 56 54 52 41 46 46
49 43NAVTRAFF
ICDAT TomTom traffic data file 4E 42 2A 00 NB*. JNT, JTP MS Windows journal file 4E 45 53 4D 1A 01 NESM.. NSF NES Sound file 4E 49 54 46 30 NITF0 NTF National Imagery Transmission Format (NITF) file 4E 61 6D 65 3A 20 Name: COD Agent newsreader character map file 4F 50 43 4C 44 41 54 OPCLDAT attachment 1Password 4 Cloud Keychain encrypted attachment 4F 50 4C 44 61 74 61 62
61 73 65 46 69 6C 65OPLDatab
aseFileDBF Psion Series 3 Database file 4F 54 54 4F 00 OTTO. OTF OpenType font file 4F 67 67 53 00 02 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00OggS....
......OGA, OGG, OGV, OGX Ogg Vorbis Codec compressed Multimedia file 4F 7B O{ DW4 Visio/DisplayWrite 4 text file (unconfirmed) 50 00 00 00 20 00 00 00 P... ... IDX Quicken QuickFinder Information File 50 35 0A P5. PGM Portable Graymap Graphic 50 41 43 4B PACK PAK Quake archive file 50 41 47 45 44 55 36 34 PAGEDU64 DMP Windows 64-bit memory dump 50 41 47 45 44 55 4D 50 PAGEDUMP DMP Windows memory dump 50 41 58 PAX PAX PAX password protected bitmap 50 45 53 54 PEST DAT PestPatrol data/scan strings 50 47 50 64 4D 41 49 4E PGPdMAIN PGD PGP disk image 50 49 43 54 00 08 PICT.. IMG ADEX Corp. ChromaGraph Graphics Card Bitmap Graphic file 50 4B 03 04 PK.. ZIP PKZIP archive file (Ref. 1 | Ref. 2)
Trailer: filename 50 4B 17 characters 00 00 00
Trailer: (filename PK 17 characters ...)
Note: PK are the initals of Phil Katz, co-creator of the ZIP file format and author of PKZIP.ZIP Apple Mac OS X Dashboard Widget, Aston Shell theme, Oolite eXpansion Pack,
Opera Widget, Pivot Style Template, Rockbox Theme package, Simple Machines
Forums theme, SubEthaEdit Mode, Trillian zipped skin, Virtual Skipper skinAPK Android package JAR Java archive; compressed file package for classes and data KMZ Google Earth saved working session file KWD KWord document ODT, ODP, OTT OpenDocument text document, presentation, and text document template, respectively. OXPS Microsoft Open XML paper specification file SXC, SXD, SXI, SXW OpenOffice spreadsheet (Calc), drawing (Draw), presentation (Impress),
and word processing (Writer) files, respectively.SXC StarOffice spreadsheet WMZ Windows Media compressed skin file XPI Mozilla Browser Archive XPS XML paper specification file XPT eXact Packager Models 50 4B 03 04 0A 00 02 00 PK...... EPUB Open Publication Structure eBook file. (Should also include the string:
mimetypeapplication/epub+zip)50 4B 03 04 14 00 01 00
63 00 00 00 00 00PK......
c.....ZIP ZLock Pro encrypted ZIP 50 4B 03 04 14 00 06 00 PK...... DOCX, PPTX, XLSX Microsoft Office Open XML Format (OOXML) Document
NOTE: There is no subheader for MS OOXML files as there is with DOC, PPT, and XLS files. To better understand the format of these files,
rename any OOXML file to have a .ZIP extension and then unZIP the file;
look at the resultant file named [Content_Types].xml to see the content
types. In particular, look for the <Override PartName= tag, where you
will find word, ppt, or xl, respectively.
Trailer: Look for 50 4B 05 06 (PK..) followed by 18 additional bytes
at the end of the file.50 4B 03 04 14 00 08 00
08 00PK......
..JAR Java archive 50 4B 05 06 PK.. ZIP PKZIP empty archive file 50 4B 07 08 PK.. ZIP PKZIP multivolume archive file [30 (0x1E) byte offset]
50 4B 4C 49 54 45[30 (0x1E) byte offset]
PKLITEZIP PKLITE compressed ZIP archive (see also PKZIP) [526 (0x20E) byte offset]
50 4B 53 70 58[526 (0x20E) byte offset]
PKSFXZIP PKSFX self-extracting executable compressed file (see also PKZIP) 50 4D 43 43 PMCC GRP Windows Program Manager group file 50 4E 43 49 55 4E 44 4F PNCIUNDO DAT Norton Disk Doctor undo file 50 4D 4F 43 43 4D 4F 43 PMOCCMOC DAT Microsoft® Windows® User State Migration Tool (USMT). USMT 3.0
applies to Windows XP and Windows Vista®, and USMT 4.0 is for Windows 7.50 53 46 12 PSF. DSF Dreamcast Sound Format file, a subset of the Portable Sound Format. 50 55 46 58 PUFX PUF Puffer encrypted archive 50 61 56 45 PaVE n/a Parrot Video Encapsulation file [92 (0x5C) byte offset]
51 45 4C 20[92 (0x5C) byte offset]
QELQEL Quicken data file 51 46 49 FB QFIû IMG QEMU Qcow Disk Image 51 57 20 56 65 72 2E 20 QW Ver. ABD, QSD Quicken data file [512 (0x200) byte offset]
52 00 6F 00 6F 00 74 00
20 00 45 00 6E 00 74 00
72 00 79 00[512 (0x200) byte offset]
R.o.o.t.
.E.n.t.
r.y.MSG Outlook/Exchange message subheader (MS Office) 52 41 5A 41 54 44 42 31 RAZATDB1 DAT Shareaza (Windows P2P client) thumbnail 52 44 58 32 0A RDX2. RDATA R (programming language) saved work space 52 45 47 45 44 49 54 REGEDIT REG, SUD Windows NT Registry and Registry Undo files 52 45 56 4E 55 4D 3A 2C REVNUM:, ADF Antenna data file 52 49 46 46 RIFF ANI Windows animated cursor CMX Corel Presentation Exchange (Corel 10 CMX) Metafile CDR CorelDraw document DAT Video CD MPEG or MPEG1 movie file DS4 Micrografx Designer v4 graphic file 4XM 4X Movie video 52 49 46 46 xx xx xx xx
41 56 49 20 4C 49 53 54RIFF....
AVI LISTAVI Resource Interchange File Format -- Windows Audio Video
Interleave file, where xx xx xx xx is the file size (little endian)52 49 46 46 xx xx xx xx
43 44 44 41 66 6D 74 20RIFF....
CDDAfmtCDA Resource Interchange File Format -- Compact Disc Digital
Audio (CD-DA) file, where xx xx xx xx is the file size (little endian)52 49 46 46 xx xx xx xx
51 4C 43 4D 66 6D 74 20RIFF....
QLCMfmtQCP Resource Interchange File Format -- Qualcomm
PureVoice, where xx xx xx xx is the file size (little endian)52 49 46 46 xx xx xx xx
52 4D 49 44 64 61 74 61RIFF....
RMIDdataRMI Resource Interchange File Format -- Windows Musical
Instrument Digital Interface file, where xx xx xx xx is the file
size (little endian)52 49 46 46 xx xx xx xx
57 41 56 45 66 6D 74 20RIFF....
WAVEfmtWAV Resource Interchange File Format -- Audio for Windows
file, where xx xx xx xx is the file size (little endian)52 49 46 46 xx xx xx xx
57 45 42 50RIFF....
WEBPWEBP Google WebP image file, where xx xx xx xx is the file size 52 54 53 53 RTSS CAP Windows NT Netmon capture file 52 61 72 21 1A 07 00 Rar!... RAR RAR (v4.x) compressed archive file 52 61 72 21 1A 07 01 00 Rar!.... RAR RAR (v5) compressed archive file 52 65 74 75 72 6E 2D 50
61 74 68 3A 20Return-P
ath:EML A commmon file header for e-mail files. [4 byte offset]
53 43 43 41[4 byte offset]
SCCAPF Windows prefetch file. The first four bytes indicate the OS:
0x11-00-00-00 = XP, 0x17-00-00-00 = Vista/Win7,
and 0x1A-00-00-00 = Win8.1 (and probably Win8, as well).53 43 48 6C SCHl AST Need for Speed: Underground Audio file 53 43 4D 49 SCMI IMG Img Software Set Bitmap 53 44 50 58 SDPX DPX Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE)
Digital Picture Exchange (DPX) image file (big endian)53 48 4F 57 SHOW SHW Harvard Graphics DOS Ver. 2/x Presentation file 53 49 45 54 52 4F 4E 49
43 53 20 58 52 44 20 53
43 41 4ESIETRONI
CS XRD S
CANCPI Sietronics CPI XRD document 53 49 4D 50 4C 45 20 20
3D 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
20 20 20 20 20 54SIMPLE
=
TFITS Flexible Image Transport System (FITS), Version 3.0 file 53 49 54 21 00 SIT!. SIT StuffIt compressed archive 53 4D 41 52 54 44 52 57 SMARTDRW SDR SmartDraw Drawing file 53 50 46 49 00 SPFI. SPF StorageCraft ShadownProtect backup file 53 50 56 42 SPVB SPVCHAIN MultiBit Bitcoin blockchain file 53 51 4C 4F 43 4F 4E 56
48 44 00 00 31 2E 30 00SQLOCONV
HD..1.0.CNV DB2 conversion file 53 51 4C 69 74 65 20 66
6F 72 6D 61 74 20 33 00SQLite f
ormat 3.DB SQLite database file 53 5A 20 88 F0 27 33 D1 SZ ˆð'3Ñ n/a QBASIC SZDD file header variant. (See the SZDD or KWAJ format entries
for additional information.)53 5A 44 44 88 F0 27 33 SZDDˆð'3 n/a SZDD file format used by DOS COMPRESS.EXE and EXPAND.EXE commands.
This command compresses a single file, replacing the last character in the file name
with an underscore or dollar sign, e.g., FOO.BAZ would be renamed FOO.BA_ or
FOO.BA$. (See the SZDD/KWAJ page for more information.)53 6D 62 6C Smbl SYM (Unconfirmed file type. Likely type is Harvard Graphics
Version 2.x graphic symbol or Windows SDK graphic symbol)53 74 75 66 66 49 74 20
28 63 29 31 39 39 37 2DStuffIt
(c)1997-SIT StuffIt compressed archive 53 75 70 65 72 43 61 6C
63SuperCal
cCAL SuperCalc worksheet 54 48 50 00 THP. THP Wii/GameCube video file 54 68 69 73 20 69 73 20 This is INFO UNIX GNU Info Reader File 55 43 45 58 UCEX UCE Unicode extensions 55 46 41 C6 D2 C1 UFAÆÒÁ UFA UFA compressed archive 55 46 4F 4F 72 62 69 74 UFOOrbit DAT UFO Capture v2 map file 56 43 50 43 48 30 VCPCH0 PCH Visual C PreCompiled header file 56 45 52 53 49 4F 4E 20 VERSION CTL Visual Basic User-defined Control file 56 65 72 73 69 6F 6E 20 Version MIF MapInfo Interchange Format file 57 04 00 00 53 50 53 53
20 74 65 6D 70 6C 61 74W...SPSS
templatSCT SPSS Statistics (née Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, then
Statistical Product and Service Solutions) template file57 4D 4D 50 WMMP DAT Walkman MP3 container file 57 53 32 30 30 30 WS2000 WS2 WordStar for Windows Ver. 2 document [29,152 (0x71E0) byte offset]
57 69 6E 5A 69 70[29,152 (0x71E0) byte offset]
WinZipZIP WinZip compressed archive 57 6F 72 64 50 72 6F WordPro LWP Lotus WordPro document. 58 2D X- EML A commmon file extension for e-mail files. This variant is
for Exchange.58 43 50 00 XCP. CAP Cinco NetXRay, Network General Sniffer, and
Network Associates Sniffer capture file58 50 43 4F 4D 0A 54 79
70 65 4C 69 62XPCOM.Ty
peLibXPT XPCOM type libraries for the XPIDL compiler 58 50 44 53 XPDS DPX Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE)
Digital Picture Exchange (DPX) image file (little endian)58 54 XT.. BDR MS Publisher border 5A 4F 4F 20 ZOO ZOO ZOO compressed archive 5A 57 53 ZWS SWF Macromedia Shockwave Flash player file (LZMA compressed, SWF 13 and later).
See SWF File Format Specification.5B 47 65 6E 65 72 61 6C
5D 0D 0A 44 69 73 70 6C
61 79 20 4E 61 6D 65 3D
3C 44 69 73 70 6C 61 79
4E 61 6D 65[General
]..Displ
ay Name=
<Display
NameECF MS Exchange 2007 extended configuration file 5B 4D 53 56 43 [MSVC VCW Microsoft Visual C++ Workbench Information File 5B 50 68 6F 6E 65 5D [Phone] DUN Dial-up networking file 5B 56 45 52 5D or [VER] 5B 76 65 72 5D or [ver] SAM Lotus AMI Pro document 5B 56 4D 44 5D or [VMD] VMD VocalTec VoIP media file [2 byte offset]
5B 56 65 72 73 69 6F 6E[2 byte offset]
[VersionCIF (Unknown file type) 5B 57 69 6E 64 6F 77 73
20 4C 61 74 69 6E 20[Windows
LatinCPX Microsoft Code Page Translation file 5B 66 6C 74 73 69 6D 2E
30 5D[fltsim.
0]CFG Flight Simulator Aircraft Configuration file 5B 70 6C 61 79 6C 69 73
74 5D[playlis
t]PLS WinAmp Playlist file 5D FC C8 00 ]üÈ. HUS Husqvarna Designer I Embroidery Machine file 5F 27 A8 89 _'¨‰ JAR Jar archive 5F 43 41 53 45 5F _CASE_ CAS, CBK EnCase case file (and backup) 60 EA `ê ARJ Compressed archive file 62 65 67 69 6E begin n/a UUencoded files start with a string:
begin mode path
where mode is the set of permissions as used in
Linux/Unix and path is the name given to the decoded
file. (See this uuencode page for more information.)62 65 67 69 6E 2D 62 61
73 65 36 34begin-ba
se64b64 UUencoded BASE64 file
Trailer: 0A 3D 3D 3D 3D 0A (.====.)62 70 6C 69 73 74 bplist plist Binary property list (plist)
(NOTE: Next two bytes are the version number, currently
0x30-30, or "00")63 61 66 66 caff CAF Apple Core Audio File 63 64 73 61 65 6E 63 72 cdsaencr DMG Macintosh encrypted Disk image (v1) 63 6F 6E 65 63 74 69 78 conectix VHD Virtual PC Virtual HD image 63 75 73 68 00 00 00 02
00 00 00cush....
...CSH Photoshop Custom Shape 64 00 00 00 d... P10 Intel PROset/Wireless Profile 64 38 3A 61 6E 6E 6F 75
6E 63 65d8:annou
nceTORRENT Torrent file 64 65 78 0A dex. dex Dalvik executable file (Android) 64 6E 73 2E dns. AU Audacity audio file 64 73 77 66 69 6C 65 dswfile DSW Microsoft Visual Studio workspace file 65 6E 63 72 63 64 73 61 encrcdsa DMG Macintosh encrypted Disk image (v2) 66 49 00 00 fI.. SHD Windows NT printer spool file 66 4C 61 43 00 00 00 22 fLaC..." FLAC Free Lossless Audio Codec file [4 byte offset]
66 74 79 70 33 67 70[4 byte offset]
ftyp3gp3GG, 3GP, 3G2 3rd Generation Partnership Project 3GPP multimedia files [4 byte offset]
66 74 79 70 4D 34 41 20[4 byte offset]
ftypM4AM4A Apple Lossless Audio Codec file [4 byte offset]
66 74 79 70 4D 34 56 20[4 byte offset]
ftypM4VFLV, M4V ISO Media, MPEG v4 system, or iTunes AVC-LC file [4 byte offset]
66 74 79 70 4D 53 4E 56[4 byte offset]
ftypMSNVMP4 MPEG-4 video file [4 byte offset]
66 74 79 70 69 73 6F 6D[4 byte offset]
ftypisomMP4 ISO Base Media file (MPEG-4) v1 [4 byte offset]
66 74 79 70 6D 70 34 32[4 byte offset]
ftypmp42M4V MPEG-4 video|QuickTime file [4 byte offset]
66 74 79 70 71 74 20 20[4 byte offset]
ftypqtMOV QuickTime movie file 67 49 00 00 gI.. SHD Windows 2000/XP printer spool file 67 69 6d 70 20 78 63 66
20gimp xcf
XCF GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP) eXperimental Computing Facility (XCF)
image file68 49 00 00 hI.. SHD Windows Server 2003 printer spool file 69 63 6E 73 icns ICNS MacOS icon file 6C 33 33 6C l33l DBB Skype user data file (profile and contacts) [4 byte offset]
6D 6F 6F 76[4 byte offset]
moovMOV QuickTime movie file
0x66-72-65-65 free
0x6D-64-61-74 mdat
0x77-69-64-65 wide
And the following have been reported to me:
0x70-6E-6F-74 pnot
0x73-6B-69-70 skip
Furthermore, if you look at byte position xxxxxxxx+4 (where xxxxxxxx is bytes 0-3 of the header), you
will find one (or more!) of these strings repeated; the string "free" seems to be the most common. For
more information, see the QuickTime File Format page. (Thanks to D. Wright for getting me started on this!)
6D 73 46 69 6C 74 65 72
4C 69 73 74msFilter
ListTPL Internet Explorer v11 Tracking Protection List file 6D 75 6C 74 69 42 69 74
2E 69 6E 66 6FmultiBit
.infoINFO MultiBit Bitcoin wallet information file 6F 3C o< n/a Short Message Service (SMS), or text, message stored on a
Subscriber Identification Module (SIM).6F 70 64 61 74 61 30 31 opdata01 n/a 1Password 4 Cloud Keychain encrypted data 72 65 67 66 regf DAT Windows NT registry hive file 72 69 66 66 riff ACD Sonic Foundry Acid Music File (Sony) 72 74 73 70 3A 2F 2F rtsp:// RAM RealMedia metafile 73 6C 68 21 or slh! DAT Allegro Generic Packfile Data file (compressed) 73 6C 68 2E slh. DAT Allegro Generic Packfile Data file (uncompressed) 73 6D 5F sm_ PDB PalmOS SuperMemo file 73 6F 6C 69 64 solid STL ASCII STL (STereoLithography) file for 3D printing. 73 72 63 64 6F 63 69 64
3Asrcdocid
:CAL CALS raster bitmap file 73 7A 65 7A szez PDB PowerBASIC Debugger Symbols file [60 (0x3C) byte offset]
74 42 4D 50 4B 6E 57 72[60 (0x3C) byte offset]
tBMPKnWrPRC PathWay Map file, used with GPS devices 74 72 75 65 00 true. TTF TrueType font file [257 (0x101) byte offset]
75 73 74 61 72[257 (0x101) byte offset]
ustarTAR Tape Archive file (http://www.mkssoftware.com/docs/man4/tar.4.asp) 76 2F 31 01 v/1. EXR OpenEXR bitmap image format 76 32 30 30 33 2E 31 30
0D 0A 30 0D 0Av2003.10
..0..FLT Qimage filter 78 01 73 0D 62 62 60 x.s.bb` DMG Mac OS X Disk Copy Disk Image file 78 61 72 21 xar! XAR eXtensible ARchive file 7A 62 65 78 zbex INFO ZoomBrowser Image Index file (ZbThumbnal.info) 7B 0D 0A 6F 20 {..o LGC, LGD Windows application log 7B 5C 70 77 69 {\pwi PWI Microsoft Windows Mobile personal note file 7B 5C 72 74 66 {\rtf RTF Rich text format word processing file
Trailer: 7D (})7C 4B C3 74 E1 C8 53 A4
79 B9 01 1D FC 4F DD 13|KÃtáÈS¤
y¹..üOÝ.CSD Huskygram, Poem, or Singer embroidery design file 7E 42 4B 00 ~BK. PSP Corel Paint Shop Pro image file 7E 45 53 44 77 F6 85 3E
BF 6A D2 11 45 61 73 79
20 53 74 72 65 65 74 20
44 72 61 77~ESDwö…>
¿jÒ.Easy
Street
DrawESD Easy Street Draw diagram file 7E 74 2C 01 50 70 02 4D
52 01 00 00 00 08 00 00
00 01 00 00 31 00 00 00
31 00 00 00 43 01 FF 00
01 00 08 00 01 00 00 00
7e 74 2c 01~t,.Pp.M
R.......
....1...
1...C.ÿ.
........
~t,.IMG Reportedly a proprietary recording system, possibly a
Digital Watchdog DW-TP-500G unit.7F 45 4C 46 .ELF n/a Executable and Linking Format executable file (Linux/Unix) 80 . OBJ Relocatable object code 80 00 .. ADX ADX lossy compressed audio file 80 2A 5F D7 .*_. CIN Kodak Cineon image file 81 32 84 C1 85 05 D0 11
B2 90 00 AA 00 3C F6 76.2„Á….Ð.
²..ª.<övWAB Outlook Express address book (Win95) 81 CD AB .Í« WPF WordPerfect text file 86 DD 6x †Ý{lower_case letter} n/a Possibly, maybe, might be a fragment of an Ethernet frame carrying
an IPv6 packet. See Hints About Looking for Network Packet Fragments.89 50 4E 47 0D 0A 1A 0A ‰PNG.... PNG Portable Network Graphics file
Trailer: 49 45 4E 44 AE 42 60 82 (IEND®B`‚...)8A 01 09 00 00 00 E1 08
00 00 99 19Š.....á.
..™.AW MS Answer Wizard file 91 33 48 46 ‘3HF HAP Hamarsoft HAP 3.x compressed archive 95 00 or •. 95 01 •. SKR PGP secret keyring file 97 4A 42 32 0D 0A 1A 0A —JB2.... JB2 JBOG2 image file
Trailer: 03 33 00 01 00 00 00 00 (.3......)99 ™ GPG GNU Privacy Guard (GPG) public keyring 99 01 ™. PKR PGP public keyring file 9C CB CB 8D 13 75 D2 11
91 58 00 C0 4F 79 56 A4œËË..UÒ.
‘X.ÀOyV¤WAB Outlook address file [512 (0x200) byte offset]
A0 46 1D F0[512 (0x200) byte offset]
F.ðPPT PowerPoint presentation subheader (MS Office) A1 B2 C3 D4 ¡²ÃÔ n/a tcpdump (libpcap) capture file (Linux/Unix) A1 B2 CD 34 ¡²Í4 n/a Extended tcpdump (libpcap) capture file (Linux/Unix) A9 0D 00 00 00 00 00 00 ©....... DAT Access Data FTK evidence file AB 4B 54 58 20 31 31 BB
0D 0A 1A 0A«KTX 11»
....KTX Khronos texture file for OpenGL and OpenGL ES applications AC 9E BD 8F 00 00 ¬.½... QDF Quicken data file AC ED ¬í n/a Java serialization data (see Object Serialization Stream Protocol) AC ED 00 05 73 72 00 12
62 67 62 6C 69 74 7A 2E’..sr..
bgblitz.PDB BGBlitz (professional Backgammon software) position database file B0 4D 46 43 °MFC PWL Windows 95 password file B1 68 DE 3A ±hÞ: DCX Graphics Multipage PCX bitmap file B4 6E 68 44 ´nhd TIB Acronis True Image file (early versions) B5 A2 B0 B3 B3 B0 A5 B5 µ¢°³³°¥µ CAL Windows calendar file B8 C9 0C 00 ¸É.. INS InstallShield Script BE 00 00 00 AB 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00¾...«...
....WRI MS Write file BE BA FE CA 0F 50 61 6C
6D 53 47 20 44 61 74 61¾ºþÊ.Pal
mSG DataDAT Palm Desktop DateBook file C3 AB CD AB ëͫ ACS MS Agent Character file C5 D0 D3 C6 ÅÐÓÆ EPS Adobe encapsulated PostScript file C8 00 79 00 È.y. LBK Jeppesen FliteLog file CA FE BA BE Êþº¾ CLASS Java bytecode file (also used by Apple iOS apps) CD 20 AA AA 02 00 00 00 Í ªª.... n/a Norton Anti-Virus quarantined virus file CE 24 B9 A2 20 00 00 00 Î$¹¢ ... TIB Acronis True Image file (current versions) CE CE CE CE ÎÎÎÎ JCEKS Java Cryptography Extension keystore file CE FA ED FE Îúíþ n/a Apple OS X ABI Mach-O binary file (32-bit, where target system has reverse byte
ordering from host running compiler)CF 11 E0 A1 B1 1A E1 00 Ï.ࡱ.á. DOC Perfect Office document
[Note similarity to MS Office header, below]CF AD 12 FE Ï.þ DBX Outlook Express e-mail folder CF FA ED FE Ïúíþ n/a Apple OS X ABI Mach-O binary file (64-bit, where target system has reverse byte
ordering from host running compiler)D0 CF 11 E0 A1 B1 1A E1 ÐÏ.ࡱ.á DOC, DOT, PPS, PPT, XLA, XLS, WIZ An Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) Compound File (CF) (i.e., OLECF)
file format, known as Compound Binary File format by Microsoft, used by
Microsoft Office 97-2003 applications (Word, Powerpoint, Excel, Wizard). Part of
Microsoft's Structured Storage (MSS) architecture for Component Object Model (COM)-based
operating systems.
[See also Excel, Outlook, PowerPoint, and Word "subheaders" at byte offset 512 (0x200).]
- There appear to several subheader formats and a dearth of documentation.
- There have been reports that there are different subheaders for Windows and Mac
versions of MS Office but I cannot confirm that.]- Password-protected DOCX, XLSX, and PPTX files also use this signature those files
are saved as OLECF files.- [Note the similarity between D0 CF 11 E0 and the word "DOCFILE"!]
AC_ CaseWare Working Papers compressed client file ADP Access project file APR Lotus/IBM Approach 97 file DB MSWorks database file MSC Microsoft Common Console Document MSG Microsoft Outlook/Exchange Message MSI Microsoft Installer package MSP Windows Installer Patch MTW Minitab data file MXD ArcMap GIS project file OPT Developer Studio File Workspace Options file PUB MS Publisher file QBM QuickBooks Portable Company File RVT Revit Project file SOU Visual Studio Solution User Options file SPO SPSS output file VSD Visio file WPS MSWorks text document D2 0A 00 00 Ò... FTR GN Nettest WinPharoah filter file D4 2A Ô* ARL, AUT AOL history (ARL) and typed URL (AUT) files D4 C3 B2 A1 Ôò¡ n/a WinDump (winpcap) capture file (Windows) D7 CD C6 9A ×ÍÆš WMF Windows graphics metafile DB A5 2D 00 Û¥-. DOC Word 2.0 file DC DC ÜÜ CPL Corel color palette file DC FE Üþ EFX eFax file format E3 10 00 01 00 00 00 00 ã....... INFO Amiga Icon file E3 82 85 96 ã‚…– PWL Windows 98 password file E4 52 5C 7B 8C D8 A7 4D
AE B1 53 78 D0 29 96 D3äR\{ŒØ§M
®±SxÐ)–ÓONE Microsoft OneNote note E8 or è E9 or é EB ë COM, SYS Windows executable file EB 3C 90 2A ë<.* IMG GEM Raster file EB 52 90 2D 46 56 45 2D
46 53 2DëR.-FVE-
FS-n/a Header of boot sector in BitLocker protected volume (Vista) EB 58 90 2D 46 56 45 2D
46 53 2DëX.-FVE-
FS-n/a Header of boot sector in BitLocker protected volume (Windows 7) [512 (0x200) byte offset]
EC A5 C1 00[512 (0x200) byte offset]
ì¥Á.DOC Word document subheader (MS Office) ED AB EE DB í«îÛ RPM RedHat Package Manager file EF BB BF  n/a Byte-order mark (BOM) for 8-bit Unicode Transformation Format
(UTF-8) files.
(See the Unicode Home Page.)EF BB BF 3C < WSF Windows Script Component (UTF-8) EF BB BF 3C 3F <? WSC Windows Script Component (UTF-8) [At a cluster boundary]
F0 FF FF[At a cluster boundary]
ðÿÿn/a FAT12 File Allocation Table [At a cluster boundary]
F8 FF FF FF[At a cluster boundary]
øÿÿÿn/a FAT16 File Allocation Table [At a cluster boundary]
F8 FF FF 0F FF FF FF 0F[At a cluster boundary]
øÿÿ.ÿÿÿ.n/a FAT32 File Allocation Table [At a cluster boundary]
F8 FF FF 0F FF FF FF FF[At a cluster boundary]
øÿÿ.ÿÿÿÿn/a FAT32 File Allocation Table F9 BE B4 D9 ù¾´Ù DAT Bitcoin-Qt blockchain block file FD 37 7A 58 5A 00 ý7zXZ.
XZ XZ archive file [512 (0x200) byte offset]
FD FF FF FF 02[512 (0x200) byte offset]
ýÿÿÿ.PUB MS Publisher file subheader [512 (0x200) byte offset]
FD FF FF FF 04[512 (0x200) byte offset]
ýÿÿÿ.QBM QuickBooks Portable Company File SUO Visual Studio Solution User Options subheader (MS Office) [512 (0x200) byte offset]
FD FF FF FF nn nn 00 00[512 (0x200) byte offset]
ýÿÿÿ....PPT PowerPoint presentation subheader (MS Office) [512 (0x200) byte offset]
FD FF FF FF nn 00[512 (0x200) byte offset]
ýÿÿÿ..or [512 (0x200) byte offset]
FD FF FF FF nn 02[512 (0x200) byte offset]
ýÿÿÿ..XLS Excel spreadsheet subheader (MS Office) [512 (0x200) byte offset]
FD FF FF FF 20 00 00 00[512 (0x200) byte offset]
ýÿÿÿ ...OPT Developer Studio File Workspace Options subheader (MS Office) XLS Excel spreadsheet subheader (MS Office) [512 (0x200) byte offset]
FD FF FF FF xx xx xx xx
xx xx xx xx 04 00 00 00[512 (0x200) byte offset]
ýÿÿÿ....
........DB Thumbs.db subheader (MS Office) FE ED FA CE þíúÎ n/a Apple OS X ABI Mach-O binary file (32-bit) FE ED FA CF þíúÏ n/a Apple OS X ABI Mach-O binary file (64-bit) FE ED FE ED þíþí JKS JavaKeyStore file FE EF þï GHO, GHS Symantex Ghost image file FE FF þÿ n/a Byte-order mark (BOM) for 16-bit Unicode Transformation Format/
2-octet Universal Character Set (UTF-16/UCS-2), big-endian files.
(See the Unicode Home Page.)FF ÿ SYS Windows executable (SYS) file FF 00 02 00 04 04 05 54
02 00ÿ......T
..WKS Works for Windows spreadsheet file FF 0A 00 ÿ.. QRP QuickReport Report file FF 46 4F 4E 54 ÿFONT CPI Windows international code page FF 4B 45 59 42 20 20 20 ÿKEYB SYS Keyboard driver file FF 57 50 43 ÿWPC WP, WPD, WPG, WPP, WP5, WP6 WordPerfect text and graphics file FF D8 ÿØ JPE, JPEG, JPG Generic JPEGimage file
Trailer: FF D9 (ÿÙ)
JPEG files end with the two-byte sequence, 0xFF-D9, aka End of Image (EOI) marker.
Between the SOI and EOI, JPEG files are composed of segments. Segments start with a two-byte Segment Tag followed by a
two-byte Segment Length field and then a zero-terminated string identifier (i.e., a character string followed by a 0x00), as
shown below with the JFIF, Exif, and SPIFF segments.
Segment Tags of the form 0x-FF-Ex (where x = 0..F) are referred to as APP0-APP15, and contain application-specific information. The
most commonly seen APP segments at the beginning of a JPEG file are APP0 and APP1 although others are also seen. Some additional
tags are shown below:
- 0xFF-D8-FF-E0 — Standard JPEG/JFIF file, as shown below.
- 0xFF-D8-FF-E1 — Standard JPEG file with Exif metadata, as shown below.
- 0xFF-D8-FF-E2 — Canon Camera Image File Format (CIFF) JPEG file (formerly used by some EOS and Powershot cameras).
- 0xFF-D8-FF-E8 — Still Picture Interchange File Format (SPIFF), as shown below.
FF D8 FF E0 xx xx 4A 46
49 46 00ÿØÿà..JF
IF.JFIF, JPE, JPEG, JPG JPEG/JFIF graphics file
Trailer: FF D9 (ÿÙ)FF D8 FF E1 xx xx 45 78
69 66 00ÿØÿá..Ex
if.JPG Digital camera JPG using Exchangeable Image File Format (EXIF)
Trailer: FF D9 (ÿÙ)
See "Using Extended File Information (EXIF) File Headers in Digital
Evidence Analysis" (P. Alvarez, IJDE, 2(3), Winter 2004) and
ExifTool Tag Names
FF D8 FF E8 xx xx 53 50
49 46 46 00ÿØÿè..SP
IFF.JPG Still Picture Interchange File Format (SPIFF)
Trailer: FF D9 (ÿÙ)
FF Ex ÿ. FF Fx ÿ. MPEG, MPG, MP3 MPEG audio file frame synch pattern FF F1 ÿñ AAC MPEG-4 Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) Low Complexity (LC) audio file FF F9 ÿù AAC MPEG-2 Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) Low Complexity (LC) audio file FF FE ÿþ REG Windows Registry file n/a Byte-order mark (BOM) for 16-bit Unicode Transformation Format/
2-octet Universal Character Set (UTF-16/UCS-2), little-endian files.
(See the Unicode Home Page.)FF FE 00 00 ÿþ.. n/a Byte-order mark for 32-bit Unicode Transformation Format/
4-octet Universal Character Set (UTF-32/UCS-4), little-endian files.
(See the Unicode Home Page.)FF FE 23 00 6C 00 69 00
6E 00 65 00 20 00 31 00ÿþ#.l.i.
n.e. .1.MOF Windows MSinfo file FF FF FF FF ÿÿÿÿ SYS DOS system driver
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The following individuals have given me updates or suggestions for this list over the years: Devon Ackerman, Nazim Aliyev, Vladimir Benko, Arvin Bhatnagar, Jim Blackson, Keith Blackwell, Sam Brothers, David Burton, Alex Caithness, Erik Campeau, Björn Carlin, Tim Carver, Michael D Cavalier, Per Christensson, Oscar Choi, JMJ.Conseil, Jesse Cooper, Jesse Corwin, Mike Daniels, Cornelis de Groot, Jeffrey Duggan, Tony Duncan, Jon Eldridge, Ehsan Elhampour, Jean-Pierre Fiset, Peter Almer Frederiksen, Tim Gardner, Chris Griffith, Linda Grody, Andis Grosšteins, Paulo Guzmán, Rich Hanes, George Harpur, Brian High, Eric Huber, Allan Jensen, Broadus Jones, Matthew Kelly, Axel Kesseler, Nick Khor, Shane King, Art Kocsis, Thiemo Kreuz, Bill Kuhns, Evgenii Kustov, Andreas Kyrmegalos, Glenn Larsson, Jeremy Lloyd, Anand Mani, Kevin Mansell, Davyd McColl, Par Osterberg Medina, Michal, Sergey Miklin, David Millard, Bruce Modick, Lee Nelson, Mart Oskamp, Dan P., Jorge Paulhiac, Carlo Politi, Seth Polley, Hedley Quintana, Anthony Rabon, Stanley Rainey, Cory Redfern, Bruce Robertson, Ben Roeder, Thomas Rösner, Gaurav Sehgal, Andy Seitz, Anli Shundi, Erik Siers, Philip Smith, Mike Sutton, Matthias Sweertvaegher, Tobiasz Światlowski, Frank Thornton, Erik van de Burgwal, Øyvind Walding, Jason Wallace, Daniel Walton, Franklin Webber, Bernd Wechner, Douglas White, Mike Wilkinson, Gavin Williams, Sean Wolfinger, David Wright, and Shaul Zevin. I thank them and apologize if I have missed anyone.
I would like to give particular thanks to Danny Mares of Mares and Company, author of the MaresWare Suite (primarily for the "subheaders" for many of the file types here), and the people at X-Ways Forensics for their permission to incorporate their lists of file signatures.
Finally, Dr. Nicole Beebe from The University of Texas at San Antonio posted samples of more than 32 file types at the Digital Corpora, which I used for verification and additional signatures. These files were used to develop the Sceadan File Type Classifier. The file samples can be downloaded from the Digital Corpora website.
COPYRIGHT NOTICE
All information on this page © 2002-2021, Gary C. Kessler. Permission to use the material here is extended to any of this page's visitors, as long as appropriate attribution is provided and the information is not altered in any way without express written permission of the author.